LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES EN INGLÉS
Estos verbos pueden ser clasificados en tres grandes grupos:
===Verbos invariables en el pasado===] Es decir, verbos cuyos tiempos en pasado y participio son iguales y diferente al infinitvo.
Dentro de este mismo grupo pueden incluirse algunos verbos que añaden t para formar el pretérito y el participio pasado, pero que, además, modifican su vocal tónica (aquella en la que recae el acento al pronunciarla). Entre estos verbos figuran los siguientes:
Pueden incluirse en este grupo algunos verbos que como excepción y además de modificar su vocal tónica, forman el pasado terminando en d en lugar de t, como los siguientes:
Verbos que forman el pretérito cambiando la vocal tónica y añadiendo N al pasado
Incluiremos en esta clasificación aquellos verbos que modifican su vocal tónica en el pretérito y añaden "en" al infinitivo para formar su participio pasado. Son estos:
Verbos que forman el pretérito cambiando la vocal tónica y añaden al mismo "en" para formar el participio pasado
Verbos que solo añaden "n" para formar el participio pasado:
Verbos que añaden NE para formar el participio pasado
Añadiremos a esta clasificación tres verbos que únicamente modifican la vocal tónica en el préterito siendo el participio pasado igual a su infinitivo.
Verbos con los tres tiempos totalmente distintos Estos verbos únicamente cambian su vocal tónica por a para el pretérito y u para el participio pasado.
Verbos irregulares inclasificables
Lista de verbos irregulares del ingles==
FUENTE: wikibooks.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9s/Vocabulario/Verbos_irregulares
de elblogdelingles | 24/10/2010 /
http://elblogdelingles.blogspot.com http://www.ebpai.com verbos irregulares, cómo estudiarlos, cómo aprender los verbos irregulares, verbos irregulares más comunes, verbos trampa y verbos iguales
Verbos invariables
Es decir, verbos cuyos tiempos en pasado son iguales al infinitivo.- INFINITIVO (put)
- PRETÉRITO (put)
- PARTICIPIO PASADO (put)
- put: poner
- put: puse
- put: puesto
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
bet | bet | bet | apostar |
burst | burst | burst | reventar, estallar |
cost | cost | cost | costar |
cut | cut | cut | cortar |
fit | fit | fit | caber |
hit | hit | hit | golpear |
bid | bid | bid | pujar, pedir |
cast | cast | cast | fundir, arrojar |
forecast | forecast | forecast | prever, pronosticar |
hurt | hurt | hurt | dañar, doler |
knit | knit | knit | tejer |
let | let | let | dejar, permitir |
put | put | put | poner |
read | read | read | leer |
shut | shut | shut | cerrar |
spread | spread | spread | esparcir, extender |
outbid | outbid | outbid | mejorar, pujar |
overbid | overbid | overbid | pujar, ofrecer demasiado |
quit | quit | quit | abandonar, dejar |
set | set | set | situar, fijar |
shed | shed | shed | quitarse, despojarse de, verter, derramar |
shread | shread | shread | picar, desmenuzar, hacer tiras |
slit | slit | slit | desgarrar, rajar |
split | split | split | hender, partir, agrietarse |
sweat | sweat | sweat | sudar |
underbid | underbid | underbid | ofrecer menos que |
upset | upset | upset | volcar, trastornar |
===Verbos invariables en el pasado===] Es decir, verbos cuyos tiempos en pasado y participio son iguales y diferente al infinitvo.
- INFINITIVO (bring)
- PRETÉRITO (brought)
- PARTICIPIO PASADO (brought).
- bring: traer
- brought: traje
- brought: traído.
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
bend | bent | bent | torcer, doblar, encorvar |
build | built | built | edificar |
burn | burnt | burnt | quemar |
creep | crept | crept | arrastrarse, gatear |
deal | dealt | dealt | traficar |
dream | dreamt | dreamt | soñar |
dwell | dwelt | dwelt | habitar, residir |
lean | leant | leant | apoyarse |
leap | leapt | leapt | saltar |
learn | learnt | learnt | aprender |
lend | lent | lent | prestar |
lose | lost | lost | perder |
mean | meant | meant | significar, tener intención |
rend | rent | rent | rasgar |
send | sent | sent | enviar |
smell | smelt | smelt | oler |
spell | spelt | spelt | deletrear |
spend | spent | spent | gastar |
spill | spilt | spilt | derramar, verter |
unbend | unbent | unbent | aflojar, enderezar |
Dentro de este mismo grupo pueden incluirse algunos verbos que añaden t para formar el pretérito y el participio pasado, pero que, además, modifican su vocal tónica (aquella en la que recae el acento al pronunciarla). Entre estos verbos figuran los siguientes:
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
feel | felt | felt | palpar, sentir |
keep | kept | kept | guardar, mantener |
knell | knelt | knelt | arrodillarse |
leave | left | left | dejar, partir |
meet | met | met | encontrar |
sleep | slept | slept | dormir |
sweep | swept | swept | barrer |
weep | wept | wept | llorar |
Pueden incluirse en este grupo algunos verbos que como excepción y además de modificar su vocal tónica, forman el pasado terminando en d en lugar de t, como los siguientes:
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
bleed | bled | bled | sangrar |
feed | fed | fed | alimentar, pacer |
flee | fled | fled | huír |
hear | heard | heard | oír |
lead | led | led | conducir, guiar |
breed | bred | bred | educar, criar, engendrar |
mislead | misled | misled | desorientar, inducir a error |
slide | slid | slid | resbalar, deslizarse |
speed | sped | sped | acelerar |
Verbos totalmente diferentes
Es decir, verbos cuyo infinitivo, pretérito y participio pasado se escribe y pronuncia de distinta forma.- INFINITIVO (break)
- PRETÉRITO (broke)
- PARTICIPIO PASADO (broken)
- break: romper
- broke: rompí
- broken: roto
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
mow | mowed | mown | segar |
saw | sawed | sawn | serruchar |
sew | sewed | sewn | coser |
show | showed | shown | mostrar, enseñar |
sow | sowed | sown | sembrar |
strew | strewed | strewn | esparcir |
Verbos que forman el pretérito cambiando la vocal tónica y añadiendo N al pasado
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
shake | shook | shaken | agitar, estremecerse |
take | took | taken | tomar, coger |
choose | chose | chosen | elegir |
drive | drove | driven | conducir |
ride | rode | ridden | cabalgar, montar |
stride | strode | stridden | andar a zancadas |
write | wrote | written | escribir |
give | gave | given | dar |
grow | grew | grown | crecer, cultivar |
know | knew | known | saber, conocer |
rise | rose | risen | levantarse, salir el sol, remontarse |
blow | blew | blown | soplar |
throw | threw | trown | tirar |
see | saw | seen | ver |
bite | bit | bitten | morder |
hide | hid | hidden | esconder |
draw | drew | drawn | dibujar, arrastrar, atraer |
forsake | forsook | forsaken | abandonar |
overtake | overtook | overtaken | llegarle a algo (alcanzar) |
partake | partook | partaken | participar |
undertake | undertook | undertaken | emprender |
arise | arose | arisen | surgir |
overdrive | overdrove | overdriven | excitar, apresurarse |
bestride | bestrode | bestridden | montar a horcajadas. |
override | overrode | overriden | dominar, supeditar, pasar por encima |
smite | smote | smitten | asolar, golpear |
strive | strove | striven | esforzarse, disputar |
thrive | throve | thriven | medrar, prosperar |
fogive | forgave | forgiven | perdonar |
misgive | misgave | misgiven | hacer temer (o dudar), llenar de dudas |
overthrow | overthrew | overtrhrown | volcar, vencer |
slay | slew | slain | matar, asesinar |
foresee | foresaw | foreseen | prever |
chide | chid | chidden | reñir, regañar |
overdraw | overdrew | overdrawn | exagerar, girar en descubierto |
withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | retirar |
Incluiremos en esta clasificación aquellos verbos que modifican su vocal tónica en el pretérito y añaden "en" al infinitivo para formar su participio pasado. Son estos:
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
eat | ate | eaten | comer |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | prohibir |
befall | befell | befallen | acaecer |
Verbos que forman el pretérito cambiando la vocal tónica y añaden al mismo "en" para formar el participio pasado
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
break | broke | broken | romper |
forget | forgot | forgotten | olvidar |
freeze | froze | frozen | helar |
speak | spoke | spoken | hablar |
steal | stole | stolen | hurtar, robar |
weave | wove | woven | tejer, trenzar |
wake | woke | woken | despertar |
fall | fell | fallen | caer |
beat | beat | beatten | golpear |
beget | begot | begotten | engendrar |
bespeak | bespoke | bespoken | apalabrar, encomendar |
browbeat | browbeat | browbeaten | intimidar |
Verbos que solo añaden "n" para formar el participio pasado:
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
lie | lay | lain | echarse, tumbarse, yacer |
swear | swore | sworn | jurar |
tear | tore | torn | despedazar, desgarrar |
wear | wore | worn | llevar puesto, usar |
shear | shore | shorn | esquilar |
forswear | forswore | forsworn | negar, perjurar, abjurar |
Verbos que añaden NE para formar el participio pasado
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
forbear | forbore | forborne | abstenerse, aguantar |
do | did | done | hacer |
go | went | gone | ir |
bear | bore | borne | llevar, soportar |
forego | forewent | foregone | ceder, abandonar, renunciar |
outdo | outdid | outdone | sobrepasar, exceder |
outgo | outwent | outgone | exceder, aventajar, adelantarse |
overdo | overdid | overdone | exagerar, exceder, extralimitarse |
underdo | underdid | underdone | hacer menos de lo debido, asar poco. |
undergo | underwent | undergone | sufrir (operación, cambio, etc.) |
undo | undid | undone | deshacer |
Añadiremos a esta clasificación tres verbos que únicamente modifican la vocal tónica en el préterito siendo el participio pasado igual a su infinitivo.
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
come | came | come | venir |
become | became | become | llegar a ser, hacerse |
overcome | overcame | overcome | vencer, triunfar |
Verbos con los tres tiempos totalmente distintos Estos verbos únicamente cambian su vocal tónica por a para el pretérito y u para el participio pasado.
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
begin | began | begun | empezar |
drink | drank | drunk | beber |
ring | rang | rung | sonar |
run | ran | run | correr |
shrink | shrank | shrunk | encogerse |
sing | sang | sung | cantar |
sink | sank | sunk | hundirse |
spring | sprang | sprung | saltar, brotar |
stink | stank | stunk | apestar |
swim | swam | swum | nadar |
outrun | outran | outrun | adelantar, correr más que |
Verbos irregulares inclasificables
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
be | was/were | been | ser, estar |
swell | swelled | swollen | hinchar, aumentar |
fly | flew | flown | volar |
tread | trod | trodden | pisar, hollar |
Lista de verbos irregulares del ingles==
Infinitivo | Pasado | Participio | Español |
---|---|---|---|
Abide | Abode | Abode | Habitar, Soportar |
Arise | Arose | Arisen | despertar |
Awake | Awoke | Awaken | levantar |
Be | Was/were | Been | Ser o Estar |
Bear | Bore | Bore/Born | Llevar, Soportar (to be born -- nacer) |
Beat | Beat | Beaten | Golpear |
Become | Became | Become | Llegar o Ser |
Begin | Began | Begun | Empezar |
Bend | Bent | Bent | Doblar |
Bereave | Bereft/Bereaved | Bereft/Bereaved | Privar |
Beseech | Besought | Besought | Suplicar (literario) |
Bet | Bet | Bet | Apostar |
Bid | Babde | Bidden | Decir, rogar |
Bid | Bid | Bid | Pujar, Ofertar |
Bind | Bound | Bound | Atar/Unir |
Bite | Bit | Bitten | Morder |
Bleed | Bled | Bled | Sangrar |
Blow | Blew | Blown | Soplar |
Break | Broke | Broken | Romper |
Bring | Brought | Brought | Traer |
Build | Built | Built | Construir |
Burn | Burnt/Burned | Burnt/Burned | Quemar |
Burst | Burst | Burst | Estallar |
Buy | Bought | Bought | Comprar |
Cast | Cast | Cast | Tirar |
Catch | Caught | Caught | Coger o Agarrar |
Chide | Chid | Chidden/chid | Reprender |
Choose | Chose | Chosen | Elegir |
Cleave | Cleft | kleft | Hender |
Cling | Clung | Clung | Adherirse |
Come | Came | Come | Venir |
Cost | Cost | Cost | Costar |
Creep | Crept | Crept | Arrastrarse |
Cut | Cut | Cut | Cortar |
Deal | Dealt | Dealt | Tratar |
Dig | Dug | Dug | Cavar |
Dive | Dove | Dived | Sumergirse, zambullirse |
Do | Did | Done | Hacer |
Draw | Drew | Drawn | Dibujar |
Dream | Dreamt/Dreamed | Deamt/Dreamed | Soñar |
Drink | Drank | Drunk | Beber |
Drive | Drove | Driven | Conducir |
Dwell | Dwelt | Dwelt | Residir |
Eat | Ate | Eaten | Comer |
Fall | Fell | Fallen | Caerse |
Feed | Fed | Fed | Alimentar |
Feel | Felt | Felt | Sentir |
Fight | Fought | Fought | Luchar |
Find | Found | Found | Encontrar |
Flee | Fled | Fled | Huir |
Fling | Flung | Flung | Lanzar |
Fly | Flew | Flown | Volar |
Forbid | Forbad/Forbade | Forbidden | Prohibir |
Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | Olvidar |
Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven | Perdonar |
Freeze | Froze | Frozen | Congelar |
Get | Got | Gotten | Conseguir |
Give | Gave | Given | Dar |
Go | Went | Gone | Ir |
Grind | Ground | Ground | Moler, triturar |
Grow | Grew | Grown | Crecer |
Hang | Hung | Hung | Colgar |
Have | Had | Had | Tener |
Hear | Heard | Heard | Oir |
Hew | Hewed | Hewn | Picar, labrar piedra (raro) |
Hide | Hid | Hidden | Esconder |
Hit | Hit | Hit | Golpear |
Hold | Held | Held | Sujetar |
Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | Herir |
Keep | Kept | Kept | Guardar, mantener |
Kneel | Knelt | Knelt | Arrodillarse |
Knit | Knit | Knit | Hacer Punto |
Know | Knew | Known | Saber o Conocer |
Lade | Laded | Laden | Cargar (raro, excepto participio) |
Lay | Laid | Laid | Poner o Extender |
Lead | Led | Led | Dirigir |
Lead | Led | Led | Guiar |
Lean | Leant | Leant | Apoyar(se) |
Leap | Leapt | Leapt | Saltar |
Learn | Learnt | Learnt | Aprender |
Leave | Left | Left | Dejar o Abandonar |
Lend | Lent | Lent | Prestar |
Let | Let | Let | Permitir |
Lie | Lay | Lain | Tumbarse |
Lie | Lied | Lied | Mentir |
Light | Lit | Lit | Iluminar |
Lose | Lost | Lost | Perder |
Make | Made | Made | Construir, hacer (cosas físicas) |
Mean | Meant | Meant | Significar |
Meet | Met | Met | Encontrase con alguien |
Melt | Melted | Molten/Melted | Derretir (metales) |
Mow | Mowed | Mown | Segar |
Pay | Paid | Paid | Pagar |
Put | Put | Put | Poner |
Quit | Quit | Quit | Dejar, irse |
Read | Read | Read | Leer |
Rend | Rent | Rent | Partir, despedazar |
Rid | Rid | Rid | Librar |
Ride | Rode | Ridden | Montar |
Ring | Rang | Rung | Sonar, Tocar el timbre |
Rise | Rose | Risen | Elevar o Alzarse |
Run | Ran | Run | Correr |
Saw | Sawed | Sawn | (a)serrar |
Say | Said | Said | Decir |
See | Saw | Seen | Ver |
Seek | Sought | Sought | Buscar |
Sell | Sold | Sold | Vender |
Send | Sent | Sent | Enviar |
Set | Set | Set | Colocar |
Sew | Sewed | Sewn | Coser |
Shake | Shook | Shaken | Sacudir, agitar |
Shear | Shore | Shorn | Esquilar |
Shed | Shed | Shed | Brillar |
Shine | Shone | Shone | Brillar |
Shoe | Shod | Shod | Herrar |
Shoot | Shot | Shot | Disparar |
Show | Showed | Shown | Mostrar |
Shrink | Shrank | Shrunk/Shrunken | encoger rehuir |
Shut | Shut | Shut | cerrar |
Sing | Sang | Sung | Cantar |
Sink | Sank | Sunk | Hundir(se) |
Sit | Sat | Sat | Sentarse |
Slay | Slew | Slain | Matar(literario) |
Sleep | Slept | Slept | Dormir |
Slide | Slid | Slid | Deslizarse, resbalar |
Sling | Slung | Slung | Tirar (con honda) |
Slink | Slunk | Slunk | Escabullirse |
Slit | Slit | Slit | Rajar |
Smell | Smelt | Smelt | Oler |
Smite | Smote | Smitten | Golpear |
Sow | Sowed | Sown | Sembrar |
Speak | Spoke | Spoken | Hablar |
Speed | Sped | Sped | Acelerar |
Spell | Spelt | Spelt | Deletrear |
Spend | Spent | Spent | Gastar o Emplear |
Spill | Spilt | Spilt | Derramar |
Spin | Spun | Spun | Hilar,girar |
Spit | Spat | Spat | Escupir |
Split | Split | Split | Partir,Hender |
Spoil | Spoilt | Spoilt | Estropear, mimar |
Spread | Spread | Spread | Esparcir |
Spring | Sprang | Sprung | Brotar, saltar |
Stand | Stood | Stood | Estar o ponerse de pie |
Steal | Stole | Stolen | Robar |
Stick | Stuck | Stuck | Pejar, fijar |
Sting | Stung | Stung | Picar |
Stink | Stank | Stunk | Apestar |
Strew | Strewed | Strewn | Esparcir, rociar |
Stride | Strode | Stridden | Andar a zancadas |
Strike | Struck | Struck/Striken | Golpear, atacar |
String | Strung | Strung | Encordar, templar un instrumento musical |
Strive | Strove | Striven | Esforzarse, ingeniárselas |
Swear | Swore | Sworn | Jurar |
Sweep | Swept | Swept | Barrer |
Swell | Swelled | Swollen/swelled | Hincharse |
Swim | Swam | Swum | Nadar |
Swing | Swung | Swung | Balancearse |
Take | Took | Taken | Coger, llevar |
Teach | Taught | Taught | Enseñar |
Tear | Tore | Torn | Rasgar |
Tell | Told | Told | Contar |
Think | Thought | Thought | Pensar |
Thive | Throve | Thriven | Florecer, prosperar |
Throw | Threw | Thrown | Arrojar Tirar Botar |
Thrust | Thrust | Thrust | Meter, empujar insertar |
Tread | Trod | Trodden | Pisar |
Understand | Understood | Understood | Entender |
Wake | Woke | Woken | Despertarse |
Wear | Wore | Worn | Llevar puesto |
Weave | Wove | Woven | Tejer |
Weep | Wept | Wept | Sollozar |
Win | Won | Won | Ganar |
Wind | Wound | Wound | Dar cuerda, enrollar |
Wring | Wrung | Wrung | Retorce |
rite | Wrote | Written | Escribir |
FUENTE: wikibooks.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9s/Vocabulario/Verbos_irregulares
de elblogdelingles | 24/10/2010 /
http://elblogdelingles.blogspot.com http://www.ebpai.com verbos irregulares, cómo estudiarlos, cómo aprender los verbos irregulares, verbos irregulares más comunes, verbos trampa y verbos iguales
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